President Donald Trump promoted his monthlong federal law enforcement surge in Washington, D.C., as a decisive crackdown on violent crime. The initiative, launched under emergency powers, was framed as an urgent effort to remove dangerous offenders and restore order in the nation’s capital. But new analysis suggests that its reach extended far beyond violent offenders.

According to data reviewed by the Associated Press, more than 40 percent of arrests made during the surge were for immigration-related violations. While the White House touted the operation as a resounding success—citing more than 2,300 total arrests, dozens of homicide suspects, and hundreds of gun and drug cases—critics argue that the effort was less about curbing violence and more about furthering Trump’s immigration enforcement agenda.

The numbers tell a complicated story. Among the 2,300 arrests, officials seized more than 220 illegal firearms, including one from a teenager who had posted a concerning message about a school on social media. They also highlighted the capture of alleged gang members and suspects tied to violent crimes. Yet more than 940 arrests involved immigration issues, a figure that overshadowed other categories and drew sharp criticism from immigrant rights advocates.

Austin Rose, a managing attorney with the Amica Center for Immigrant Rights, accused the administration of using violent crime as a pretext for immigration crackdowns. “The federal takeover has been a cover to do federal immigration enforcement,” Rose said. “It became pretty clear early on that this was a major campaign of immigration enforcement.”

The Trump administration, however, defended the operation’s scope. White House spokeswoman Abigail Jackson insisted that many of those arrested for immigration offenses also had prior convictions or open warrants. “Law enforcement is doing an outstanding job removing these threats from D.C. communities,” Jackson said. “The focus of this operation has been stopping violent crime committed by anyone, regardless of their immigration status.”

But internal reports reviewed by AP revealed that in a 10-day sample—covering roughly one-third of the operation—only about 22 percent of those arrested for immigration violations had criminal records, mostly involving lower-level offenses such as driving while intoxicated, burglary, and drug possession. That raised questions about whether the federal surge was primarily about violent offenders or simply casting a wide net to expand deportations.

The operation began on August 11, when Trump invoked Section 740 of the District of Columbia Home Rule Act to declare a “crime emergency.” The move temporarily placed the city’s police force under federal control, and National Guard troops were deployed to assist. The order expired after a month, but by then the initiative had already reshaped policing in the city and stirred political controversy.

Attorney General Pam Bondi underscored the immigration focus early, ordering Washington officials to revoke the city’s “sanctuary” policies and demanding greater cooperation with federal immigration authorities. Though local leaders sued to retain some autonomy, Bondi followed up with a memo instructing officers to assist with immigration enforcement regardless of local law. She argued that sanctuary policies had “multiplied” the dangers of violent crime and allowed “illegal aliens” to threaten national security.

The fallout has been immediate for many immigrant families in D.C. Community groups report that residents have begun avoiding work, skipping school, and altering routines out of fear of being detained. “It’s created unimaginable fear and forced people to completely alter their routines, not go to work,” Rose said.

Supporters of the crackdown, including the Department of Homeland Security, say the results speak for themselves. DHS officials highlighted on social media that their role in the surge removed “drug dealers, gang members, and criminal aliens” from city streets.

Yet for many observers, the operation illustrates the deep divide between Trump’s supporters, who see his policies as tough but necessary, and critics who view them as heavy-handed, politically motivated, and destructive to community trust.

In the end, the surge left behind more than seized firearms and arrest statistics. It reignited a national debate over how far federal power should go in fighting crime—and whether violent crime was truly the administration’s target, or merely the backdrop for an aggressive expansion of immigration enforcement.